🔢 What is NumPy?

NumPy stands for Numerical Python. It’s used for fast array operations and mathematical functions.

import numpy as np  
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])  
print(arr * 2)

Output: [2 4 6]

📊 What is Pandas?

Pandas is used for working with data in the form of DataFrames — tables with rows and columns.

import pandas as pd  
df = pd.read_csv('data.csv')  
print(df.head())

Output: Displays first 5 rows of your dataset.

🧠 Why NumPy & Pandas Matter in ML

• They are the foundation of all data analysis work.
• Used in almost every data science and ML project.
• Libraries like Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, and PyTorch use them under the hood.

📝 Self-Check

• What does np.array() do?
• How do you load a CSV file with Pandas?
• What’s the difference between NumPy arrays and Pandas DataFrames?