1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, exponentiation, and floor division.

            
# Arithmetic Operators
a = 10
b = 3

print("Addition:", a + b)        # Output: 13
print("Subtraction:", a - b)     # Output: 7
print("Multiplication:", a * b)  # Output: 30
print("Division:", a / b)        # Output: 3.333...
print("Modulus:", a % b)         # Output: 1
print("Exponentiation:", a ** b) # Output: 1000
print("Floor Division:", a // b) # Output: 3
            
        

Explanation: Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic math operations. For example, a + b adds two numbers, while a ** b raises a to the power of b.

2. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values. They return True or False based on the comparison.

            
# Comparison Operators
a = 10
b = 20

print("Equal to:", a == b)       # Output: False
print("Not equal to:", a != b)   # Output: True
print("Greater than:", a > b)    # Output: False
print("Less than:", a < b)       # Output: True
print("Greater than or equal to:", a >= b)  # Output: False
print("Less than or equal to:", a <= b)     # Output: True
            
        

Explanation: Comparison operators are used to compare values. For example, a == b checks if a is equal to b, while a > b checks if a is greater than b.

3. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. They can also perform operations while assigning values.

            
# Assignment Operators
a = 10
a += 5  # Equivalent to a = a + 5
print("a += 5:", a)  # Output: 15

a -= 3  # Equivalent to a = a - 3
print("a -= 3:", a)  # Output: 12

a *= 2  # Equivalent to a = a * 2
print("a *= 2:", a)  # Output: 24

a /= 4  # Equivalent to a = a / 4
print("a /= 4:", a)  # Output: 6.0
            
        

Explanation: Assignment operators like +=, -=, and *= perform operations and assign the result to the variable in a single step.

4. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements. They include and, or, and not.

            
# Logical Operators
a = True
b = False

print("a and b:", a and b)  # Output: False
print("a or b:", a or b)    # Output: True
print("not a:", not a)      # Output: False
            
        

Explanation: Logical operators are used to combine conditions. For example, a and b returns True only if both a and b are True.

5. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to perform operations on binary numbers. They include & (AND), | (OR), ^ (XOR), ~ (NOT), << (left shift), and >> (right shift).

            
# Bitwise Operators
a = 10  # Binary: 1010
b = 4   # Binary: 0100

print("AND:", a & b)  # Output: 0 (Binary: 0000)
print("OR:", a | b)   # Output: 14 (Binary: 1110)
print("XOR:", a ^ b)  # Output: 14 (Binary: 1110)
print("NOT:", ~a)     # Output: -11 (Binary: 2's complement of 1010)
print("Left Shift:", a << 1)  # Output: 20 (Binary: 10100)
print("Right Shift:", a >> 1) # Output: 5 (Binary: 0101)
            
        

Explanation: Bitwise operators work on the binary representation of numbers. For example, a & b performs a bitwise AND operation on the binary values of a and b.

6. Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if a value exists in a sequence (like a list, tuple, or string). They include in and not in.

            
# Membership Operators
a = 10
b = [1, 2, 3, 10, 5]

print("a in b:", a in b)        # Output: True
print("a not in b:", a not in b) # Output: False
            
        

Explanation: Membership operators check if a value is present in a sequence. For example, a in b returns True if a is found in b.

7. Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the memory locations of two objects. They include is and is not.

            
# Identity Operators
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [1, 2, 3]
c = a

print("a is b:", a is b)        # Output: False
print("a is c:", a is c)        # Output: True
print("a is not b:", a is not b) # Output: True
            
        

Explanation: Identity operators compare the memory locations of objects. For example, a is b returns True if a and b refer to the same object.

💡 Pro Tip: Operator Precedence

Python operators have a specific order of precedence, which determines the order in which operations are performed. For example, multiplication (*) has higher precedence than addition (+). Use parentheses () to override the default precedence.